The Mangrove as a Wall: Coastal Protection and Urban Development in India

Along India's coast, the boundary between land and sea is not always a line of concrete. In places, it is a forest of tangled roots, tidal channels, and sediment, a landscape that changes character with the water. Mangroves influence how water moves, how shorelines evolve, and how coastal communities experience flood risk . Their role in coastal protection depends on the width and condition of the